Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare higher-order aberrations between personalized treatment (PT) versus personalized treatment advanced (PTA) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 eyes of 40 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. They underwent PRK using PT or PTA algorithm randomly. Higher-order aberrations were measured and compared between the study groups pre-operatively and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively.Results: The two study groups were comparable in terms of preoperative higher-order aberrations.Compared to the preoperative values, higher-order aberrations were significantly increased in the PT group (p<0.001), but decreased in the PTA group (p<0.001). Spherical aberration exhibited a significant increase postoperatively in the PT group (p<0.001) but remained unchanged in the PTA group (P=0.57).Conclusion: PRK using PT algorithm resulted in an increase higher-order aberrations. PTA algorithm provided better results in terms of postoperative higher-order aberrations and could treat pre-existing higher-order aberrations.

Background: This work investigated the dosimetry limitations of the random and systematic uncertainties of sliding window (SW) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods: A Varian 21EX linear accelerator, Pinnacle3 treatment planning system and radiographic film dosimetry was used. The limitations of the SW were studied using beam modulation ranging from 2 to 100 MU/beam, DR from 100 to 600 MU min-1, LV from 1 to 5 cm s-1 and field size up to 12 × 12 cm2. The random and systematic errors were investigated using clinical and flat beams, as well as beams of high profile modulation including linear, exponential, and sinusoidal profiles. Results: The leading edge and plateau of the SW profiles have a significant deformation for higher DR and for beams of < 10 MUs/beam. It was found that the error is directly proportional to the DR and LV, and inversely proportional to the number of MU/beam. Conclusion: The high DR and LV are limiting factors, producing random profile deformation when SW beams of small number of MU/beam are delivered. A very good agreement was found between the planned and delivered geometrical and clinical dose profiles when beams > 10 MUs irradiated by a DR from 100 to 600 MU min-1 and LV from 1 to 5 cm s-1. After the proposed correction, an average difference < 0.5% for clinical profiles was measured for beams irradiated with DR = 600 MU min-1 and LV= 5 cm s-1. It was concluded that this correction methodology may serve as a pre-treatment Quality Assurance tool for SW IMRT beams.

Criminals' reform and treatment is a set of medical-clinical and preventive measures (curative، educational، and educational) that criminals are taught as a norm by these programs and are led to follow social rules. These concepts have many approaches and effects that are now being codified and organized in different ways at different stations throughout the cycle of proceedings. Now، after formulating and revising the remedial approaches to the Law Book، studying the actions in this regard and identifying the structural challenges facing these processes is necessary. It is clear that in a simple division، existing structures can be separated into three cultural، social and economic domains. The analytical study of these structures shows that educational structures، social laws، poverty status and unemployment in Iran's current society are in conflict with the remedial programs، and the problems in these areas present a serious challenge to the return of the offender to the normal life-style.

The surgery-first approach (SFA), which proceeds without presurgical orthodontic treatment, is assumed to shorten the treatment course because the direction of post-surgical orthodontic tooth movement conforms to the normal muscular forces. Moreover, the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP), evoked by surgery, helps in tooth alignment and compensation in a faster way. Although SFA has definite advantages, especially in class III individuals, there is a lack of data about its indications in patients with facial asymmetry. In this article, we reviewed recently published articles on the treatment of asymmetric patients using the SFA. Different aspects, including the three-dimensional assessment of stability in different planes, approaches for fabrication of a surgical splint, predictability of the results, skills needed for bimaxillary surgery, indications as the treatment of choice for condylar hyperplasia, and combination with distraction osteogenesis in candidates with severe asymmetries were found to be the main topics discussed for patients presenting with facial asymmetry.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have walking difficulty in the advanced stages of the disease and also suffer from balance problems. They perform their functional movements in a smaller range and at a slower rate, which will cause difficulty in performing daily activities. Patients with PD face many difficulties in outdoor activities, community participation, personal tasks, and fine motor skills (e. g. writing). They usually need the help of others. For two decades, a new treatment called Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) has been used by the speech therapists to treat speech and swallowing disorders in PD patients based on evidence and principles of neuroplasticity. The BIG protocol was added to this method in 2010 (LSVT-BIG). In this method, the whole body is involved and its main focus is on motor skills, which are guided by a physiotherapist and occupational therapist. The main goal of this new method is to improve patient’ s skilled movement in PD, as opposed to the old methods that introduce muscle stiffness as the main problem in these patients. In this method, patients will be required to perform a series of special exercises in sitting and standing positions in a larger range than usual with a specific schedule and in a one-month intensive period. Doing the BIG protocol correctly can make the range of motion softer and larger. The studies also show that the LSVT BIG method is very effective for improving patients' walking patterns and daily activities and significantly increases the quality of life in PD patients. Eventually, the PD patients will be able to perform their motor tasks automatically. Considering the useful results of this method and also the growing trend of its application around the world, it is necessary to enable therapists with this new method and provide more complete services for PD patients.

Introduction: Many efforts have been made to improve Ni-Ti alloy for endodontic use and it has been shown that surface properties and thus cutting efficiency of the rotary files can be improved by processes such as electro-polishing, ion implantation and surface coating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogenic treatment on cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary files.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 Ni-Ti rotary instruments (Hero 642, #25, 0.04 taper) were selected and divided into 3 groups of 20. In group I no treatment was used. In group II the instruments were subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen pool (-196oC) for 24 hours and after treatment were immediately tested for cutting efficiency. In group III after cryogenic treatment the temperature of the samples was raised slowly to room temperature for 24 hours. A new piece of test equipment was designed and used. The instruments were attached to the testing machine and rotated in Plexiglas samples for 10 seconds in a working length of 16 mm. The depth of grooves and weight loss of Plexiglas were measured after instrumentation. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of cutting efficacy between the three groups at 95% confidence interval.Results: The instruments which were immediately tested for cutting efficiency had significantly more weight loss and deeper grooves (pweight<0.001; pgroove=0.022), indicating better cutting efficiency. However, there was no significant differences between group I and group III in cutting efficacy (p weight=0.23; p groove=0.61).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the surface properties of Ni-Ti alloy could be improved by the cryogenic treatment for a limited period of time after treatment, increasing the cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

Background and Objectives: Obesity in children as a chronic problem with an increasing prevalence is one of the health problems in the last century. If the path from childhood to adolescent be accompanied by a gradual decline in physical activity and increased consumption of highcalorie foods, it will lead to obesity and a variety of chronic diseases. This study can help plan to reduce the prevalence and complications of this common disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in pediatric endocrinology clinic of Hamadan Besat hospital. In this study, children between the ages of 8 and 15 years with the BMI greater than 85% were randomly selected. The children were randomly divided into three groups. The first group underwent follow up without intervention. The second group under the appropriate diet plan and the third group were introduced to exercise expert. Changes in height, weight and BMI of all three groups were evaluated during three months. Results: This study was performed on 97 patients referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic of Hamadan Besat Hospital during 2019-2020. 54. 7% of patients were boys and 44. 3% were girls. The mean age of the patients was 10. 70 ± 2. 15 years. Patients were divided into three groups; control (29%), diet group (32%) and physical activity group (36%). BMI was significantly decreased after three months in the diet and physical activity groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: According to the results, with an appropriate diet and physical activity, we can improve overweight and obesity.

In the article titled “Prevention and Treatment Approaches of Post-Dural Puncture Headache in Obstetric Patients: A Comprehensive Review,” published in Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine (2024, Volume 12, Article ID 25; doi: 10.34172/jrcm.33444), an error was identified in the affiliation of the corresponding author. The correct affiliation is as follows:

Background and Aim: Prevention of recidivism after serving the punishment plays an important role in the health and safety of the society, Achieving this requires comprehensive interventions to reform and treat offenders. Correction and treatment of criminals during the period of punishment and care after leaving has been considered by the legislator. Considering the importance of this issue, in this research, the necessity of implementing psychological interventions during incarceration and post-departure care has been investigated. Methods: From the point of view of the goal, this research is in the category of theoretical research and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive. The method of collecting information is library method by referring to specialized texts and previous researches. Ethical Considerations: In the present research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed. Results: The results showed: 1. Diagnosis of psychological disorders and early intervention during and after incarceration; 2. Providing family-oriented psychological interventions to increase social support and reduce conflicts; 3. Focus on professional training during and after There are three suitable platforms for providing psychological interventions, which play a very important role in reducing recidivism. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that there is a lot of potential in the field of diagnosis and treatment of criminals during and after discharge, it is also necessary to provide family-oriented interventions, career path counseling and vocational training to criminals. During and after leaving, it provided a platform for their social acceptance and employability. Recidivism can be prevented to a large extent by implementing these programs, so it is suggested that the planners pay attention to these findings. Please cite this article as: Ghalavand GH, Shekarchizade M, Jalilian M. The Necessity of Implementing Psychological Interventions during Incarceration and Post-Departure Care. Medical Law Journal. 2023; 17(58): e31.